The Seven Ways

Intended Learning Outcomes
What students learn		 Way of Learning
Origins and theory		 Common Methods
What the teacher provides
Building skills
Physical and procedural skills where accuracy, precision, and efficiency are important		 Behavioral learning
Behavioral psychology, operant conditioning		 Tasks and procedures
Practice exercises
Acquiring knowledge
Basic information, concepts, and terminology in a discipline or field of study		 Cognitive learning
Cognitive psychology: attention, information processing, memory		 Presentations
Explanations
Developing critical, creative, and dialogical thinking
Improved thinking and reasoning processes		 Learning through inquiry
Logic, critical and creative thinking theory, classical philosophy		 Question-driven inquiries
Discussions
Cultivating problem solving and decision-making abilities
Mental strategies for finding solutions and making choices		 Learning with mental models
Gestalt psychology, problem solving, and decision theory		 Problems
Case studies
Labs
Projects
Exploring attitudes, feelings, and perspectives
Awareness of attitudes, biases, and other perspectives, ability to collaborate		 Learning through groups and teams
Human communication theory, group counseling theory		 Group activities
Team projects
Practicing professional judgment
Sound judgment and appropriate professional action in complex, context-dependent situations 		 Learning through virtual realities
Psychodrama, sociodrama, gaming theory		 Role playing
Simulations
Dramatic scenarios
Games
Reflecting on experience
Self-discovery and personal growth from real-world experience		 Experiential learning
Experiential learning, cognitive neuroscience, constructivism		 Internships
Service-learning
Study abroad